Example Answers to Questions on OCED Principles - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1858 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? The OCED principles of the corporate governance stress the significance for the corporate governance of the markets for the corporate control functioning in a transparent and an efficient manner. The OCED principles promotes the policies that are designed in order to attain the very highest sustainable economic growth and also an increasing standard of living and also increasing employment opportunities in the member countries, while still maintaining its financial stability, and therefore contribute to the overall development of the international economy. This is very useful to the member countries and to the entire world (Cottrell Ranking, 2000). The policies are also designed to contribute to the sound trade and industry expansion in the member countries and also the non-member countries in the procedure of the economic development. The policies also contribute positively to the expansion of the global trade on non-discriminatory, multilateral basis in acco rdance with global obligations and duties. The OECD ministers have expanded the agenda of the corporate governance and also offer very specific guidance for regulatory and legislative initiatives in all the non OECD and OECD countries. These principles are taken seriously especially by the Financial Stability Forum such that they have designated these principles to be among the twelve main standards for the sound the systems of finances (Frynas, 2005). The principles offer the basis for a wide programme of cooperation and working together between non-OECD and OECD countries and also underpin the component of corporate governance of the IMF/World Bank especially on the ROSC (Reports on the Observance of Codes and Standards). These principles allow the policy makers to be aware of the positive contribution that is made by good and needed corporate governance offers to the investment, financial market stability, and also economic growth. The principles also explain well that enhance d good corporate governance adds much to their competitiveness (Guera, 2002). The OECD principles are known to be living instruments that offer non-binding standards and also desired practices and also offer guidance on the ways of implementation. These principles also give a forum for any existing dialogue and also exchange of different experiences among all countries worldwide (Drutman Cray, 2004). The SOX (Sarbanes Oxley Act) of 2002 is a set of corporate governance principles which is a well recommended to all corporations. I can therefore recommend these principles to the mining company because they are set by SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission). It is known to be a legislation with which prosecution is an outcome of failure to its compliance. It can help to improve the confidence of investors especially in the financial markets of the corporation (ASE, 2003). It aims at aligning the interests of the management to the shareholders. This helps to protect the stakehol ders especially the shareholders. The Nasdaq, AMEX, and NYSE need most of the directors to be more independent. The meaning of an independent director is a person whose only nontrivial familial, financial, or professional connection to the entire corporation; the executive officers among CEO, and chairman are her or his directorship (Akabzaa, 2000). The Combined Code of 2003 was formed in the United Kingdom after Hampel Committee which had been set up to evaluate the existing arrangements on the corporate governance on a global level. This committee was expected to make relevant recommendations and also design a certain code for the enlisted companies. The committee came up with the Combined Code and is applicable to all the registered companies. Question 2: corporate and social responsibility initiatives The principles of OECD helps the mining company to improve and reexamine the legal, regulatory and institutional framework for the corporate governance in each individual country, and to also offer suggestions and guidance for investors, stock exchanges, corporations and other relevant parties about their responsibility in the procedure of improving the good corporate governance. There are several initiatives that this mining company should carry out in order to fit into the principles and also to start the social and corporate responsibility. Good corporate governance ought to offer proper necessary incentives for the management and the board to pursue roles and objectives which are in the companyà ¢ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¬ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¢s interests and also its shareholders and should make possible efficient and effective monitoring (Haselip Hilson, 2005). The programmes of the corporate social responsibility in the mining companies are more often inclined to spotlight on the community initiatives as their outcomes in environmental, social and economic terms are greatly felt at limited levels. Some of these incentives couple the fact that they are bringing the mining revenues and profits to the area and also offering financial compensation to the residents for the loss of land, livelihoods and housing. The company could also be involved in infrastructure such as community schools and buildings as well as building access roads (Hilson Murck, 2001). There are also community health initiatives that offer health services to their employees and also their families, and also equipping and building health centers and hospitals for the surrounding communities. There is also a community foundation which is explained as a fund which is generated by the entire company which is utilized for the social investment functions; these can attract attention from the external donors. The mining company can also support small local businesses and these preferential procurement policies for all the local suppliers. The mining companies could also support sustainable livelihood projects and the importance of this i s to decrease the economic overdependence by the community on the particular mine and also develop sustainable and alternative employment opportunities for shareholder communities. There is also the initiative involving the micro-credit scheme regarding finances where they can give out loans which could be used to create jobs, launch new enterprises, and also help the economies to expand and also flourish. When the families are able to access the credit loans, they are able to invest depending on their priorities, for example health care, housing, school fees, or nutrition other than focusing on everyday survival and therefore people are able to plan well for their future. These micro-credit schemes can be aimed especially the women can provide opportunities to the disadvantaged groups in the local communities (Goodman Schwartz, 2004). Question 3 There are monetary factors and also non-monetary factors which could act as incentives or as disincentives by the large companies i n an attempt to address their social responsibilities. The monetary factors which act as incentives include financial incentives, material incentives, satisfactory remuneration and possibility of the upcoming paid employment. The disincentives of the monetary factors include alterations in the tangible incentives, inconsistent remuneration, and inequitable distribution of the incentives between the different employers (Goodman Schwartz, 2004). The nonmonetary factors that act as incentives include community respect and recognition of the mining work; acquisition of the valued skills; personal development and growth; peer support; accomplishment; identification an job aids such as shirts, badges and uniforms; preferential treatment; status in the community; and also minimal and flexible hours clear responsibility. The non-monetary factors which act as disincentives in large companies include inadequate supervision; time constraints; excessive demands; lack of respect among the em ployees and employers; inadequate refresher training; and another person from a different community. These can be incentives and disincentives applicable to a community health service provider which is an international company and is concerned with the social responsibility of dealing with their clients (Drutman Cray, 2004). The community health provider has factors which are incentives and these include community information systems; community organizations which support the work done in the center, and also involvement of the community in the selection of the community workers. The disincentives include lack of involvement of the community in the support, training and selection; and also unsuitable selection of the community workers. Question 4 There are various challenges that are faced by companies in the process of auditing their impact on labor, human rights and environment. Corruption and bribery is one of the main challenges. These two continues to decrease the lev els of economic activity and also continues to have an adverse consequence on the poor people. Increasing cases of reporting and investigation of bribery scandals often sustained by the governments increases the reputational risks especially to the companies. These are viewed as complicit in similar irregularities. Corruption and bribery are adverse values that should not be encouraged in any company because they adversely affect the company at large. The companies as a solution should demonstrate a strategy that is proactive in order to deal with these vices (Ite, 2005). There is also the challenge of product responsibility where the concerns over product safety, health concerns and product quality over the use of the product are increasing daily. The companies in question are forced to take more measures in order to promote range of security and safety processes. This would help to avert the expected increase of boycotts of brands and products. These are caused by high sophisti cation of the customers and also the absence of trust in the power of the regulators who should protect them. The lack of adequate funds is also another challenge and this causes negative impacts on the reexamining of the factors in the organizations. This is because the auditing may lead to the incurring of extra costs which lowers the profit margins of the company. Many companies do not have the money and capital to carry out these procedures and still maximize on their profits. There is also the challenge of the employees. Some companies permit their employees to work for extra hours. These workers work for more than the required time and are paid on hourly wage basis and this is because the company expects them to work all these hours. Therefore the employees are left with no alternative because they do not aspire to lose their jobs. Some of the time, they are not well paid all their wages as agreed and also end up not being paid during the overtime hours. This is because they are not aware of their rights and should therefore be taught concerning their rights as employees. There is also the challenge of child labor and forced labor which prove hard to be measured well. This is because there is the time constraint which means that there is no enough time to look into these matters in a single financial year. There is also the challenge of determining how and why the human rights are useful in the given business. These may involve the identification of the human rights that are relevant for the company. There is also a challenge in identifying opportunities to carry out their duties with other businesses in order to expand the human rights. It is also taxing to ensure that the given company does not involve itself or complicit in all human rights abuses (Hillson, 2002). There is the challenge of determining the procedure that a company should undertake in order to avoid discrimination especially in the processed of selection of the labor force a nd should also promote equality and diversity in the place of work and this is very significant. The labor standards are expected to expand especially in the long term and therefore the stakeholders require communicating honestly and openly in issues regarding their challenges, successes, and also activities. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Example Answers to Questions on OCED Principles" essay for you Create order

Did Vikings Wear Horned Helmets

We’ve all seen them—pictures of large, hairy men with horns sticking proudly out of their helmets as they rush to rape and pillage. It’s so common it must be true, surely? The Myth Viking warriors, who raided and traded, settled and expanded through the middle ages, wore helmets with horns or wings on them. This iconic symbol is repeated today by fans of the Minnesota Vikings football team and other artwork, illustrations, advertising, and costumes. The Truth There is no evidence, archaeological or otherwise, that Viking warriors wore any type of horns or wings on their helmets. What we do have is one single piece of evidence, the ninth century Oseberg tapestry, suggesting a rare ceremonial use (the relevant figure on the tapestry may even be that of a god, rather than representative of real Vikings) and plenty of evidence for plain conical/domed helmets made mainly of leather. Horns, Wings, and Wagner So where has the idea come from? Roman and Greek writers referred to northerners who wore horns, wings, and antlers, amongst other things, on their helmets. Like much contemporary writing about anyone non-Greek or Roman, there appears to have already been a distortion here, with archaeology suggesting that while this horned headgear did exist, it was largely for ceremonial purposes and had largely faded out by the time of the Vikings, often considered to have started in the late eighth century. This was unknown to the writers and artists of the early modern era, who began referencing the ancient authors, making misinformed jumps and depicting Viking warriors, en masse, with horns. This image grew in popularity until it was taken on by other forms of art and passed into common knowledge. The temporary misidentification of a Bronze Age carving in Sweden with a horned helmet as Viking didn’t help matters, although this was corrected in 1874. Perhaps the greatest step on the way to the ubiquity of the horn was in the late nineteenth century, when costume designers for Wagner’s Nibelungenlied created horned helmets because, as Roberta Frank puts it, â€Å"humanist scholarship, misunderstood archaeological finds, heraldic origin fantasies and the Great God Wish...had worked their magic† (Frank, The Invention..., 2000). Within just a few decades, the headwear had become synonymous with Vikings, enough to become shorthand for them in advertising. Wagner can be blamed for a lot, and this is one instance. Not Just Pillagers Helmets arent the only classical image of the Vikings historians are trying to ease out of public consciousness. Theres no getting away from the fact that Vikings did a lot of raiding, but the image of them as pure pillagers is increasingly being replaced by nuance: that the Vikings then came to settle, and had a major effect on the surrounding populations. Traces of Viking culture can be found in Britain, where settlement took place, and perhaps the greatest Viking settlement was in Normandy, where the Vikings transformed into the Normans who would, in turn, spread out and forge their own extra kingdoms including a permanent and successful conquest of England. (Source: Frank, ‘The Invention of the Viking Horned Helmet’, International Scandinavian and Medieval Studies in Memory of Gerd Wolfgang Weber, 2000.)

What Is Our Safeguard Against Corruption Performed By...

What is our safeguard against corruption performed by federal officeholders? It is impeachment. Impeachment is the Constitutional power given to the House of Representatives to remove a federal officeholder from office. â€Å"Article II, Section 4 of the Constitution says, ‘The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors’. (Longley). The power of impeachment has historical significance as only four times in our history has Congress had serious discussions of impeachment. Due to the requirement of a ruling vote from the House of Representatives and the Senate, there are issues and complications†¦show more content†¦The Senate will first meet in a private session to debate the verdict and then an open session to vote on that verdict. For the verdict to result in a conviction a 2/3 vote is required. With the convict ion of the accusation, the President will be impeached and removed from the office. Once impeached, the Vice President gains presidency, which may allow for the problems behind the Presidents impeachment to carry forward. The two-step process of impeachment does not always lead to a desirable outcome. What are actions of treason, bribery or high crime misdemeanors worthy of impeachment? â€Å"To decide the meaning of ‘high crimes and misdemeanors,’ we might start by looking at the intention of the people who wrote the Constitution. There are two principal sources for gauging their intent: the notes (mostly taken by James Madison) from the debates at the Constitutional Convention in 1787; and the Federalist Papers, a group of essays (mostly by Madison and Alexander Hamilton) written in support of ratification of the Constitution† (Alan Hirsch). Basically, impeachment is not linked to criminal law and the test for impeachment is not satisfied by all crimes, but a criminal action is required. The attempt to impeach has been initiated several times throughout the history of the United States, but in only a few instances has it led to a full impeachment. â€Å"The House has initiated impeachment proceedings more than 60

Stereotypes Are they a problem Essay Example For Students

Stereotypes: Are they a problem? Essay Why do women and men communicate so differently? Could it be thatgenetics play a factor? I believe so. In general, males are much strongerand more aggressive than females are. This directly effects how the twogenders communicate. For example, women tend to offer suggestions and givereasons, whereas men tend to give demands without reason. We live withthese differences everyday, and although we do not always understand thesedifferences, we have come to accept them. We stereotype women as theweaker more emotional gender. They are the homemakers. Men are seen asthe caretakers of their families, the financial providers. They arestronger and more dominant gender. What importance does this have insociety? How does it effect society? Many women feel that they do nothave the same privileges as men. On the other hand, some men say it isunfair that so much more is expected from them compared to what is expectedfrom women. To me these sound like simple complaints. Stereotypes shouldnot be seen as wrong, because in most cases they simply highlight thedifferences between men and women, unfortunately there are alwaysexceptions, and sometimes stereotyping can result in conflict. Primarily stereotypes are not wrong, they exist because of the verydistinct differences between men and women. Almost all stereotypes hold atleast some truth. For instance, men say women want to talk too much and aretoo emotional. Deborah Tannen explains in her article Put Down That Paperand Talk to Me that women feel the need to talk with those they are closeto in order to compromise and build relationships (Tannen, 229, 9). So themen are right, women do feel the need to talk a lot in relationships. Whatis so bad about a stereotype that is true? Yes, there are those men andwoman who do not reflect the set image. For instance, some men stay homeand take care of their children, which is traditionally known as a womansjob, and some women are the financial providers for their families. Justbecause the stereotype claims women stay home and men go to work, does notmean this is the case in every situation. Our society has come far overthe past decade. Stereotypes today have very different meaning than theydid many years ago. Stereotypes mean most do, not all do. It is perfectlyacceptable in todays day and age for a woman to work and leave her husbandhome with the kids. In fact may people respect it. Unfortunately, there are instances in which stereotyping does createproblems. Some people over emphasize the existence and legitimacy ofstereotypes as a whole. For example, the men or women who openly expresstheir disapproval for those who do not follow traditional male and femaleroles have caused severe conflict with feminists and male advocates. According to them, men and women should never pursue a life outside of thetraditional setting. These beliefs are completely outdated. Very fewpeople continue to live such old fashioned lifestyles. On the other hand,the feminists and male advocates who say that stereotypes are unfair andbelieve men and women should be considered equal, are just as guilty ofstereotyping society. In the article Real Men Dont, Or Anti-Male Bias inEnglish, Eugene August argues that it is unfair that our society excludesmales as parents (August, 217, 7). Those such as August are accusingeveryone of being completely biased against the opposite sex. It seemshypocritical that they would fight for equality and then label our entiresociety as being sexist. Our society has changed so much over the years. .u63a50a3b895e8da0c8c4990696df798b , .u63a50a3b895e8da0c8c4990696df798b .postImageUrl , .u63a50a3b895e8da0c8c4990696df798b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u63a50a3b895e8da0c8c4990696df798b , .u63a50a3b895e8da0c8c4990696df798b:hover , .u63a50a3b895e8da0c8c4990696df798b:visited , .u63a50a3b895e8da0c8c4990696df798b:active { border:0!important; } .u63a50a3b895e8da0c8c4990696df798b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u63a50a3b895e8da0c8c4990696df798b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u63a50a3b895e8da0c8c4990696df798b:active , .u63a50a3b895e8da0c8c4990696df798b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u63a50a3b895e8da0c8c4990696df798b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u63a50a3b895e8da0c8c4990696df798b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u63a50a3b895e8da0c8c4990696df798b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u63a50a3b895e8da0c8c4990696df798b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u63a50a3b895e8da0c8c4990696df798b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u63a50a3b895e8da0c8c4990696df798b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u63a50a3b895e8da0c8c4990696df798b .u63a50a3b895e8da0c8c4990696df798b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u63a50a3b895e8da0c8c4990696df798b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Presidential Election Of 1972 Essay ThesisMost do not feel that male and female roles are set in concrete. Except for the few situations which result in conflict, stereotypesshould not be seen as unjust. Men and women are very different, andstereotypes simply highlight the most common differences. Feminist andmale advocates fight to say we are all equally alike, but this is untrue. Science can prove we are both physically and mentally different. Why wouldwe want to be equal? What fun would it be if we were exactly alike, if wespoke the same language. The little games men and women play with eachother while conversing would be lost. The question everyone asks himselfor herself after talking with someone of the opposite sex, I wonder iftheres something there? would cease to exist.